水和土壤环境非水溶相污染物的表面活性剂增效修复机制     

马玉新  郑西来  史凤梅  李玉瑛 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(3):451-454,458

分析了表面活性剂和非水溶相有机污染物在水和土壤环境中的相互作用，以及表面活性的特性，解释了表面活性剂增效修复水和土壤环境中非水溶相污染物的机制。表面活性剂溶液通过增溶作用和增流作用，驱除地下水含水层中的非水相液体以及吸附于土壤颗粒物上的污染物，提高地下水和土壤中憎水性有机污染物的现场修复速率。增效修复效果依赖于临界胶束浓度(CMC)、污染物和表面活性剂的吸附特性、污染物的溶解性和土壤类型等。表面活性剂能增加化合物的溶解度，降低与水的界面张力，并形成乳液。  相似文献   

彩色全息显示中液晶空间光调制器位相调制偏差的矫正方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑华东  于瀛洁  代林茂  王涛 《海洋学报》2010,32(9):6145-6151

采用三基色激光照明并结合时分复用或空间复用技术,可实现基于液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)的彩色全息显示. 但由于在不同激光波长入射条件下LC-SLM的位相调制特性曲线不同,难以同时满足多波长入射条件下2π线性位相调制的要求,致使彩色全息再现结果受到共轭像和零级斑的干扰. 针对该问题,本文通过实验测试获得LC-SLM在不同波长入射时的位相调制特性曲线,并分析了RGB激光器各分量的位相调制特性曲线非线性偏差和调制幅度偏差对多阶位相型傅里叶变换相息图再现效果的影响. 根据"查表法"建立了各波长入射条件下满足2  相似文献   

Estimation of Sea Ice Thickness from SARAL/AltiKa in Drifting Orbit Phase     

Purvee Joshi  Sandip R. Oza  Ujjwal K. Gupta  Shailendra Saini  D. Ram Rajak  I. M. Bahuguna 《Marine Geodesy》2020,43(3):302-323

Abstract

Intra and inter-annual variations in the sea ice thickness are highly sensitive indicators of climatic variations undergoing in the earth’s atmosphere and oceans. This paper describes the method of estimating sea ice thickness using radar waveforms data acquired by SARAL/Altika mission during its drifting orbit phase from July 2016 onwards yielding spatially dense data coverage. Based on statistical analysis of return echoes, classification of the surface has been carried out in three different types, viz. floe, lead and mixed. Time delay correction methods were suitably selected and implemented to make corrections in altimetric range measurements and thereby freeboard. By assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, freeboard data were converted into sea ice thickness. Results show that sea ice thickness varies from 4 to 5?m near ice shelves and 1 to 2.5?m in the marginal sea ice regions. Freeboard and sea ice thickness estimates were also validated using NASA’s Operation Ice Bridge (OIB) datasets. Freeboard measurements show very high correlation (0.97) having RMSE of 0.13. Overestimation of approximately 1–2?m observed in the sea ice thickness, which could be attributed to distance between AltiKa footprint and OIB locations. Moreover, sensitivity analysis shows that snow depth and snow density over sea ice play crucial role in the estimation of sea ice thickness.  相似文献   

Diet of albacore Thunnus alalunga from the waters of Mauritius (western Indian Ocean) inferred from stomach contents and fatty acid analysis     

Z Dhurmeea  H Pethybridge  EV Romanov  C Appadoo  N Bodin 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(2):131-140

The diet of albacore Thunnus alalunga from their spawning ground in the waters of Mauritius was investigated. The stomach contents of 249 albacore individuals, caught by industrial longliners and artisanal fishers, was analysed, and the dominant prey taxa were selected for lipid and fatty acid (FA) analysis. The FA profiles of prey were compared with those of liver tissue of spawning-capable and post-spawning female albacore, using multivariate analysis. Whereas stomach content analysis identified cephalopods and crustaceans as the dominant prey items in number, FA-profile analysis identified crustaceans and fishes as the most-frequently consumed prey of post-spawning female albacore. In contrast, the FA profiles of spawning-capable albacore and those of prey showed very low similarity. Analysis of the prey suggests that although cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes could all provide albacore with the required lipids and FAs, cephalopod prey seem to be less desirable owing to their lower energy content (i.e. low in total lipid, triacylglycerol, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1ω9). Instead, the most beneficial food appeared to be locally available fishes, which are more energy-rich and have a higher docosahexaenoic acid/ eicosapentaenoic acid ratio. These results provide new information on the trophic ecology of albacore, promote our understanding of the importance of prey type for successful reproduction of albacore, and highlight the advantages of FA profiling to study diet.  相似文献   

柴达木盆地东部上石炭统克鲁克组碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素     

祁柯宁  彭博  李宗星  刘成林  谢庆宾 《地质论评》2018,64(5):1263-1276

柴达木盆地上石炭统克鲁克组是该区重要的古生界勘探层位,组内发育多套良好的碎屑岩层。为探究其岩石物性特征及控制因素,本次以野外露头调查为基础,利用普通薄片、铸体薄片鉴定及扫描电镜等手段,结合物性测试和压汞资料,对克鲁克组碎屑岩纵向分布规律,储层岩性、物性、孔喉特征及孔隙类型进行分析。认为克鲁克地层中克2段发育的三角洲前缘亚相和克3段的具障壁海岸潮坪相的大套含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩砂体原生、次生孔洞发育,孔喉大、分布集中、分选好,为有利的碎屑岩储层。早成岩期压实作用、重结晶及胶结作用对克鲁克组砂岩的原生孔隙破坏严重,晚成岩期储层改造形成的溶孔、裂缝—溶孔是油气成藏的主要储存空间。该研究为预测柴东石炭系克鲁克组油气有利区域提供依据,为今后该地区的油气勘探提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

Tectono–Thermal Evolution, Hydrocarbon Filling and Accumulation Phases of the Hari Sag, in the Yingen–Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia, Northern China     

YANG Peng  REN Zhanli  XIA Bin  TIAN Tao  ZHANG Yong  QI Kai  REN Wenbo 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):1157-1169

This work restored the erosion thickness of the top surface of each Cretaceous formations penetrated by the typical well in the Hari sag, and simulated the subsidence burial history of this well with software BasinMod. It is firstly pointed out that the tectonic subsidence evolution of the Hari sag since the Cretaceous can be divided into four phases: initial subsidence phase, rapid subsidence phase,uplift and erosion phase, and stable slow subsidence phase. A detailed reconstruction of the tectonothermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation histories of typical well was undertaken using the EASY R_0% model, which is constrained by vitrinite reflectance(R_0) and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. In the rapid subsidence phase, the peak period of hydrocarbon generation was reached at c.a.105.59 Ma with the increasing thermal evolution degree. A concomitant rapid increase in paleotemperatures occurred and reached a maximum geothermal gradient of about 43-45℃/km. The main hydrocarbon generation period ensued around 105.59-80.00 Ma and the greatest buried depth of the Hari sag was reached at c.a. 80.00 Ma, when the maximum paleo-temperature was over 180℃.Subsequently, the sag entered an uplift and erosion phase followed by a stable slow subsidence phase during which the temperature gradient, thermal evolution, and hydrocarbon generation decreased gradually. The hydrocarbon accumulation period was discussed based on homogenization temperatures of inclusions and it is believed that two periods of rapid hydrocarbon accumulation events occurred during the Cretaceous rapid subsidence phase. The first accumulation period observed in the Bayingebi Formation(K_1 b) occurred primarily around 105.59-103.50 Ma with temperatures of 125-150℃. The second accumulation period observed in the Suhongtu Formation(K_1 s) occurred primarily around84.00-80.00 Ma with temperatures of 120-130℃. The second is the major accumulation period, and the accumulation mainly occurred in the Late Cretaceous. The hydrocarbon accumulation process was comprehensively controlled by tectono-thermal evolution and hydrocarbon generation history. During the rapid subsidence phase, the paleo temperature and geothermal gradient increased rapidly and resulted in increasing thermal evolution extending into the peak period of hydrocarbon generation,which is the key reason for hydrocarbon filling and accumulation.  相似文献   

建场测深法在新疆布尔津盆地油铀勘探中的应用     

白诗筠 《地质与勘探》2023,59(5):1054-1064

为明确位于新疆北部的布尔津盆地的资源状况,以实际采集数据为基础,采用建场测深法成果剖面研究了该盆地的地层地质结构,并对深层油气及浅部砂岩型铀矿进行评价。通过利用已知测井电阻率曲线模拟计算不同深度的电磁信号频率响应,论证了该方法探测从浅层第三系到深部石炭系的采集参数和工作方案;在数据处理成果的基础上,结合研究区已知地层物性特征,推断沿线的地质结构,揭示了布尔津凹陷的结构及下二叠统卡拉岗组、上石炭统哈尔加乌组、上石炭统恰其海组地层的分布,认为哈尔加乌组是本区有潜力的烃源岩。同时利用电阻率及双频相位属性对研究区浅部第三系砂岩型铀成矿条件进行分析,其结果与附近已知矿点情况吻合。本文提出的方法可为类似地区进行多种矿产资源勘探提供技术参考。  相似文献   

天然气水合物地层相变微胶囊固井水泥浆研究     

吴祖锐  郑明明  颜诗纯  周珂锐  张亚伟 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):500-502

  相似文献   

An Evaluation of Phase Behaviors of the Oil-Gas-Water System in the Displacement of Crude Oil with CO₂          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Angang  FAN Zifei  HE Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(2):573-580

CO₂ dissolution into an aqueous phase and water evaporation into a gaseous phase takes place during CO₂ injection into an oil reservoir. This study aims to evaluate the phase behaviors of the oil-gas-water system in the displacement of crude oil by CO₂. The composition of the JL oilfield in the northeast of China is taken as an example. The flash calculation of the oil-gas-water system was performed, based on the method presented by Li and Nghiem. The research re...  相似文献   

2021年圣克鲁斯群岛M_S 6.0地震PKPPKP震相识别     

陈阳  李波  白世达  李万金 《地震地磁观测与研究》2022,43(4):23-34

采用云南省地震局3个有人值守国家测震台和5个无人值守国家测震台记录到的2021年11月25日圣克鲁斯群岛M_S 6.0地震波形,运用测震学分析方法,对此次地震进行分析,提出其常见震相的一般性特征,并且重点总结了PKPPKP震相的特征,以免误将该震相分析为1个新地震的P波,分析结果表明PKPPKP震相在震中距约为70°时明显。  相似文献